A magnetic cloud is a transient ejection in the solar wind defined by relatively strong magnetic fields, a large and smooth rotation of the magnetic field direction over approximately 0.25AU at 1AU, and a low proton temperature [Burlaga et al., 1981]. Magnetic clouds are ideal objects for solar-terrestrial studies because of their simplicity and their extended intervals of southward and northward magnetic fields [Burlaga et al., 1990].
On-going ResearchInterval #1 of the First Inter Agency Consultative Group Science Campaign was October 18-21, 1995, which fortuitously encompasses this October 1995 magnetic cloud and related events observed by WIND . Many space science teams have worked on various aspects of this magnetic cloud, its possible solar origin, and its effects on the Earth's magnetosphere. (e.g., see Lepping et al., 1997)
MAGNETIC CLOUD INTERVALS | |||||||||||||||||||
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START TIME | END TIME | ||||||||||||||||||
Code No. | Year | Month | Day | (DOY) | Hour | Month | Day | (DOY) | Hour | Quality + | |||||||||
1 | 95 | Feb | 8 | 039 | 5.8 | Feb | 9 | 040 | 0.8 | 2 | |||||||||
2 | 95 | Mar | 4 | 063 | 10.8 | Mar | 5 | 064 | 3.8 | 3 | |||||||||
2.2 | 95 | Apr | 3 | 093 | 7.8 | Apr | 4 | 094 | 10.8 | 2 | |||||||||
3 | 95 | Apr | 6 | 096 | 7.3 | Apr | 6 | 096 | 17.8 | 2 | |||||||||
4 | 95 | May | 13 | 133 | 10.9 | May | 13 | 133 | 16.4 | 3 | |||||||||
5 | 95 | Aug | 22 | 234 | 21.3 | Aug | 23 | 235 | 19.3 | 2 | |||||||||
6 | 95 | Oct | 18 | 291 | 19.8 | Oct | 20 | 293 | 1.3 | 1 | |||||||||
7 | 95 | Dec | 16 | 350 | 5.3 | Dec | 16 | 350 | 22.3 | 3 | |||||||||
8 | 96 | May | 27 | 148 | 15.3 | May | 29 | 150 | 7.3 | 2 | |||||||||
9 | 96 | Jul | 01 | 183 | 17.3 | Jul | 02 | 184 | 10.3 | 2 | |||||||||
10 | 96 | Aug | 07 | 220 | 12.3 | Aug | 08 | 221 | 10.8 | 1 | |||||||||
11 | 96 | Dec | 24 | 359 | 2.8 | Dec | 25 | 360 | 11.3 | 1 | |||||||||
12 | 97 | Jan | 10 | 010 | 5.3 | Jan | 11 | 011 | 2.3 | 1 | |||||||||
13 | 97 | Feb | 10 | 041 | 3.4 | Feb | 10 | 041 | 18.4 | 3 | |||||||||
14.1 | 97 | Apr | 11 | 101 | 5.6 | Apr | 11 | 101 | 19.1 | 2 | |||||||||
14.2 | 97 | Apr | 21 | 111 | 14.5 | Apr | 23 | 113 | 6.5 | 3 | |||||||||
15 | 97 | May | 15 | 135 | 9.1 | May | 16 | 136 | 1.1 | 2 | |||||||||
16 | 97 | May | 16 | 136 | 6.1 | May | 16 | 136 | 13.9 | 3 | |||||||||
17 | 97 | Jun | 09 | 160 | 2.3 | Jun | 09 | 160 | 23.3 | 2 | |||||||||
18 | 97 | Jun | 19 | 170 | 5.1 | Jun | 19 | 170 | 15.9 | 3 | |||||||||
19 | 97 | Jul | 15 | 196 | 8.8 | Jul | 15 | 196 | 23.8 | 3 | |||||||||
20 | 97 | Aug | 03 | 215 | 14.1 | Aug | 04 | 216 | 1.9 | 3 | |||||||||
21 | 97 | Sep | 18 | 261 | 0.5 | Sep | 20 | 263 | 12.5 | 3 | |||||||||
22 | 97 | Sep | 22 | 265 | 0.8 | Sep | 22 | 265 | 17.3 | 2 | |||||||||
23 | 97 | Oct | 01 | 274 | 16.3 | Oct | 02 | 275 | 22.8 | 2 | |||||||||
24 | 97 | Oct | 10 | 283 | 23.8 | Oct | 12 | 285 | 0.8 | 1 | |||||||||
25 | 97 | Nov | 07 | 311 | 15.8 | Nov | 08 | 312 | 4.3 | 2 | |||||||||
26 | 97 | Nov | 08 | 312 | 4.9 | Nov | 08 | 312 | 14.9 | 2 | |||||||||
27 | 97 | Nov | 22 | 326 | 15.8 | Nov | 23 | 327 | 12.3 | 3 | |||||||||
28 | 98 | Jan | 07 | 007 | 3.3 | Jan | 08 | 008 | 8.3 | 1 | |||||||||
29 | 98 | Jan | 08 | 008 | 14.9 | Jan | 08 | 008 | 21.6 | 3 | |||||||||
30 | 98 | Feb | 04 | 035 | 4.5 | Feb | 05 | 036 | 22.5 | 2 | |||||||||
31 | 98 | Mar | 04 | 063 | 14.3 | Mar | 06 | 065 | 6.3 | 1 | |||||||||
32 | 98 | May | 02 | 122 | 12.3 | May | 03 | 123 | 17.3 | 3 | |||||||||
33 | 98 | Jun | 02 | 153 | 10.6 | Jun | 02 | 153 | 15.9 | 2 | |||||||||
34 | 98 | Jun | 24 | 175 | 16.8 | Jun | 25 | 176 | 21.8 | 2 | |||||||||
35 | 98 | Aug | 20 | 232 | 10.3 | Aug | 21 | 233 | 19.3 | 1 | |||||||||
36 | 98 | Sep | 25 | 268 | 10.3 | Sep | 26 | 269 | 13.3 | 2 | |||||||||
37 | 98 | Oct | 19 | 292 | 5.1 | Oct | 19 | 292 | 14.6 | 3 | |||||||||
38 | 98 | Nov | 08 | 312 | 23.8 | Nov | 10 | 314 | 1.3 | 1 | |||||||||
39 | 99 | Feb | 18 | 049 | 14.3 | Feb | 19 | 050 | 12.3 | 3 | |||||||||
40 | 99 | Apr | 16 | 106 | 20.3 | Apr | 17 | 107 | 21.3 | 3 | |||||||||
41 | 99 | Aug | 09 | 221 | 10.8 | Aug | 10 | 222 | 15.8 | 1 | |||||||||
42 | 99 | Sep | 21 | 264 | 21.1 | Sep | 22 | 265 | 5.1 | 3 | |||||||||
43 | 00 | Feb | 12 | 043 | 17.1 | Feb | 13 | 044 | 0.6 | 3 | |||||||||
44.1 | 00 | Feb | 21 | 052 | 9.8 | Feb | 22 | 053 | 13.3 | 3 | |||||||||
44.2 | 00 | Jun | 24 | 176 | 8.3 | Jun | 25 | 177 | 20.3 | 3 | |||||||||
44.3 | 00 | Jul | 01 | 183 | 8.8 | Jul | 02 | 184 | 3.3 | 1 | |||||||||
45 | 00 | Jul | 15 | 197 | 6.8 | Jul | 15 | 197 | 14.3 | 2 | |||||||||
46 | 00 | Jul | 15 | 197 | 21.1 | Jul | 16 | 198 | 9.9 | 2 | |||||||||
47 | 00 | Jul | 28 | 210 | 21.1 | Jul | 29 | 211 | 10.1 | 2 | |||||||||
48 | 00 | Aug | 01 | 214 | 0.1 | Aug | 01 | 214 | 15.9 | 3 | |||||||||
49 | 00 | Aug | 12 | 225 | 6.1 | Aug | 13 | 226 | 5.1 | 2 | |||||||||
50 | 00 | Sep | 18 | 262 | 1.9 | Sep | 18 | 262 | 15.1 | 3 | |||||||||
51 | 00 | Oct | 03 | 277 | 17.1 | Oct | 04 | 278 | 14.1 | 1 | |||||||||
52 | 00 | Oct | 13 | 287 | 18.4 | Oct | 14 | 288 | 16.9 | 2 | |||||||||
53 | 00 | Oct | 28 | 302 | 23.3 | Oct | 30 | 304 | 0.3 | 3 | |||||||||
54 | 00 | Nov | 06 | 311 | 23.1 | Nov | 07 | 312 | 18.1 | 2 | |||||||||
55.1 | 01 | Mar | 19 | 078 | 23.3 | Mar | 20 | 079 | 18.3 | 1 | |||||||||
55.2 | 01 | Mar | 20 | 079 | 17.8 | Mar | 22 | 081 | 14.8 | 3 | |||||||||
56 | 01 | Apr | 04 | 094 | 20.9 | Apr | 05 | 095 | 8.4 | 1 | |||||||||
57 | 01 | Apr | 12 | 102 | 7.9 | Apr | 12 | 102 | 17.9 | 2 | |||||||||
58 | 01 | Apr | 22 | 112 | 0.9 | Apr | 23 | 113 | 1.4 | 2 | |||||||||
59 | 01 | Apr | 29 | 119 | 1.9 | Apr | 29 | 119 | 12.9 | 2 | |||||||||
60 | 01 | May | 28 | 148 | 11.9 | May | 29 | 149 | 10.4 | 1 | |||||||||
61 | 01 | Jul | 10 | 191 | 17.3 | Jul | 12 | 193 | 8.8 | 2 | |||||||||
62 | 01 | Oct | 31 | 304 | 21.3 | Nov | 02 | 306 | 10.3 | 3 | |||||||||
63 | 01 | Nov | 24 | 328 | 15.8 | Nov | 25 | 329 | 13.3 | 3 | |||||||||
64 | 02 | Mar | 19 | 078 | 22.9 | Mar | 20 | 079 | 15.4 | 2 | |||||||||
65 | 02 | Mar | 24 | 083 | 3.8 | Mar | 25 | 084 | 22.8 | 2 | |||||||||
66 | 02 | Apr | 18 | 108 | 4.3 | Apr | 19 | 109 | 2.3 | 1 | |||||||||
67 | 02 | Apr | 20 | 110 | 11.8 | Apr | 21 | 111 | 16.8 | 3 | |||||||||
68 | 02 | May | 19 | 139 | 3.9 | May | 19 | 139 | 23.4 | 1 | |||||||||
69 | 02 | May | 23 | 143 | 23.4 | May | 24 | 144 | 16.9 | 3 | |||||||||
70 | 02 | Aug | 01 | 213 | 11.9 | Aug | 01 | 213 | 22.6 | 3 | |||||||||
71 | 02 | Aug | 02 | 214 | 7.4 | Aug | 02 | 214 | 21.1 | 2 | |||||||||
72.1 | 02 | Sep | 03 | 246 | 0.3 | Sep | 03 | 246 | 18.8 | 2 | |||||||||
72.2 | 02 | Sep | 30 | 273 | 22.6 | Oct | 01 | 274 | 11.9 | 3 | |||||||||
73 | 03 | Mar | 20 | 079 | 11.9 | Mar | 20 | 079 | 22.4 | 1 | |||||||||
74 | 03 | Jun | 17 | 168 | 17.8 | Jun | 18 | 169 | 8.3 | 3 | |||||||||
75 | 03 | Jul | 10 | 191 | 19.9 | Jul | 11 | 192 | 8.9 | 3 | |||||||||
76 | 03 | Aug | 18 | 230 | 11.6 | Aug | 19 | 231 | 4.4 | 2 | |||||||||
77 | 03 | Nov | 20 | 324 | 10.8 | Nov | 21 | 325 | 2.3 | 2 | |||||||||
78 | 04 | Apr | 04 | 095 | 2.8 | Apr | 05 | 096 | 14.8 | 2 | |||||||||
79 | 04 | Jul | 22 | 204 | 15.4 | Jul | 22 | 204 | 23.1 | 3 | |||||||||
80 | 04 | Jul | 24 | 206 | 12.8 | Jul | 25 | 207 | 13.3 | 2 | |||||||||
81 | 04 | Aug | 29 | 242 | 18.7 | Aug | 30 | 243 | 20.8 | 1 | |||||||||
82 | 04 | Nov | 08 | 313 | 3.4 | Nov | 08 | 313 | 16.6 | 2 | |||||||||
83 | 04 | Nov | 09 | 314 | 20.9 | Nov | 10 | 315 | 3.4 | 2 | |||||||||
84 | 04 | Nov | 10 | 315 | 3.6 | Nov | 10 | 315 | 11.1 | 2 | |||||||||
85 | 05 | May | 15 | 135 | 5.7 | May | 15 | 135 | 22.3 | 2 | |||||||||
86 | 05 | May | 20 | 140 | 7.3 | May | 21 | 141 | 5.3 | 2 | |||||||||
87 | 05 | Jun | 12 | 163 | 15.6 | Jun | 13 | 164 | 7.1 | 2 | |||||||||
88 | 05 | Jun | 15 | 166 | 5.8 | Jun | 16 | 167 | 7.8 | 3 | |||||||||
89 | 05 | Jul | 17 | 198 | 15.3 | Jul | 18 | 199 | 3.8 | 2 | |||||||||
90 | 05 | Oct | 31 | 304 | 2.9 | Oct | 31 | 304 | 20.4 | 3 | |||||||||
91 | 05 | Dec | 31 | 365 | 14.8 | Jan | 01 | 001 | 10.8 | 2 | |||||||||
92 | 06 | Feb | 05 | 036 | 19.1 | Feb | 06 | 037 | 13.1 | 2 | |||||||||
93 | 06 | Apr | 13 | 103 | 14.8 | Apr | 13 | 103 | 20.8 | 3 | |||||||||
94 | 06 | Apr | 13 | 103 | 20.6 | Apr | 14 | 104 | 9.9 | 2 | |||||||||
95 | 06 | Aug | 30 | 242 | 21.1 | Aug | 31 | 243 | 14.9 | 2 | |||||||||
96 | 06 | Sep | 30 | 273 | 8.6 | Sep | 30 | 273 | 21.6 | 3 | |||||||||
97 | 06 | Dec | 14 | 348 | 22.8 | Dec | 15 | 349 | 19.8 | 3 | |||||||||
98 | 07 | Mar | 24 | 083 | 3.1 | Mar | 24 | 083 | 16.9 | 3 | |||||||||
99 | 07 | May | 21 | 141 | 22.9 | May | 22 | 142 | 13.6 | 2 | |||||||||
100 | 07 | Nov | 19 | 323 | 23.4 | Nov | 20 | 324 | 12.9 | 2 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ QUALITY: 1 = EXCELLENT, 2 = GOOD, 3 = POOR---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS COMPARING MODEL FIELDS OF MAGNETIC CLOUDS (FLUX ROPES) ARE PRESENTED: ELLIPTICAL VS CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION.Berdichevsky, D. B., et al. (15 coauthors), Evidence for multiple ejecta: April 7-11, 1997, ISTP Sun-Earth connection event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2473, 1998.
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Berdichevsky, D. B., C. J. Farrugia, B.J. Thompson, R. P. Lepping, D. V. Reames, M. L. Kaiser, J. T. Steinberg, S. P. Plunkett, and D. J. Michels, Halo-Coronal Mass Ejections Near the 23rd Solar Minimum: Lift-off, Inner Heliosphere, and In-Situ (1AU) Signatures, Annales Geophysicae, 20,891 - 916, 2002.
Berdichevsky, D. B., C. J. Farrugia, R. P. Lepping, I. G. Richardson, A. B. Galvin, R. Schwenn, D. V. Reames, Ogilvie, and M. L. Kaiser, Solar-Heliospheric-Magnetospheric Observations on March 23 - April 26, 2001: Similarities to Observations in April 1979, eds. M. Velli, R. Bruno, F. Malara, AIP Proceedings of the Solar Wind X, Pisa June 2002 Meeting ISBN 0-7354-0148-9, V679, 758-761, 2003.
Berdichevsky, D. B., R. P. Lepping, and C. J. Farrugia, On Geometric Considerations of the Evolution of Magnetic Flux Ropes, Phys. Rev., E 67, 036405-1 - 8, 2003.
Berdichevsky, D. B., I.Richardson, R. P. Lepping, and S. F. Martin, On the origin and configuration of the March 20, 2003 interplanetary shock and magnetic cloud at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 2004.
Berdichevsky, D. B., D. V. Reams, Chin-Chun Wu, R. Schwenn, R. P. Lepping, R. J. MacDowall, C. J. Farrugia, J.-L. Bougeret, C. Ng, and A. J. Lazarus, Exploring the global shock scenario at multiple points between Sun and Earth: the solar transients launched on Januray 1 and September 23, 1978, Advances in Space Research, in press, 2008.
Burlaga, L. F., E. Sittler, F. Mariani, and R. Schwenn, Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: Voyager, Helios and IMP-8 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6673, 1981.
Burlaga, L. F., R. Lepping, and J. Jones, Global configurations of magnetic cloud, in Physics of Flux Ropes, p.373, edited by C. T. Russell, E. R. Priest and L. C. Lee, AGU Geophysical Monograph 58, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C., 1990.
Burlaga, L. F., R. P. Lepping, W. H. Mish, K. W. Olgilvie, A. Szabo, and A. J. Lazarus, J. T. Steinberg, A magnetic cloud observed by WIND on October 18-20, 1995, NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Internal Document, February 1996.
Burlaga, L. F., R. P. Lepping, W. Mish, K. W. Ogilvie, A. Szabo, and A. J. Lazarus, A Magnetic Cloud Observed by WIND on October 18-20, 1995, NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Internal Document, February 1996.
Burlaga, L. F., R. J. Fitzenreiter, R. P. Lepping, K. W. Ogilvie, A. Szabo, A. J. Lazarus, J. T. Steinberg, G. Gloeckler, R. A. Howard, D. J. Michels, C. J. Farrugia, R. P. Lin, and D. E. Larson, A magnetic cloud containing prominence material: January 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 277-285, 1998.
Collier, M. R., A. Szabo, W. Farrell, J. A. Slavin, R. P. Lepping, R. Fitzenreiter, B. Thompson, D. C. Hamilton, G. Gloeckler, G. Ho, P. Bochsler, D. Larson, and L. Ofman, Reconnection Remnants in the Magnetic Cloud of October 18-19, 1995: A Shock, Monochromatic Wave, Heat Flux Drop Out and Energetic Ion Beam, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A8), 15,985,2001.
Collier, M. R., R. P. Lepping, and D. Berdichevsky, A Statistical Study of Interplanetary Shocks and Pressure Pulses Internal to Magnetic Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2005.
Crooker, N. U., S. W. Kahler, J. T. Gosling, and R. P. Lepping, Evidence in magnetic clouds for systematic open flux transport on the Sun, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A12107, doi:10.1029/2008JA013628, 2008.
Farrugia, C. J., L. A. Janoo, R. B. Torbert, J. M. Quinn, K. W. Ogilvie, R. P. Lepping, R. J. Fitzenreiter, J. T. Steinberg, A. J. Lazarus, R. P. Lin, D. Larson, S. Dasso, F. T. Gratton, Y. Lin, and D. Berdichevsky, A uniform-twist magnetic flux rope in the solar wind, Monograph of the Am. Institute of Phys. (Dec. 18), 1999.
Farrugia C. J., et al. (14 coauthors), in The Solar Wind-Magnetosphere System 3, eds., H. K. Biernat, C. J. Farrugia, and D. F. Vogl, A Multi-Instrument study of the December 1996 magnetic cloud, Proceedings of the International Workshop, Graz, Sept. 23-35, 1998, p. 99, 2000.
Gopalswamy, N., A. Lara, R. P. Lepping, M. L. Kaiser, D. Berdichevsky, and O. C. St Cyr, Interplanetary acceleration of coronal mass ejections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 145, 2000.
Lepping, R. P., J. A. Jones, and L. F. Burlaga, Magnetic field structure of interplanetary magnetic clouds at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11,957, 1990.
Lepping, R. P., A. Szabo, A. J. Lazarus, K. W. Ogilvie, R. J. T. Fitzenreiter, and J. T. Steinberg, The February 8, 1995 Magnetic Cloud-Bow Shock Interaction: WIND and IMP-8 Observations and Analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(10),1195-1198, 1996. (Also a NASA internal document of the same title, of April 1996.)
Lepping, R. P., L. F. Burlaga, A. Szabo, K. W. Ogilvie, W. Mish, D. Vassiliadis, A. J. Lazarus, J. T. Steinberg, C. J. Farrugia, J. Janoo, and F. Mariani, The WIND magnetic cloud and events of October 18-20, 1995: Interplanetary properties and as triggers for geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,049, 1997.
Lepping, R.P. and D. Berdichevsky, Interplanetary magnetic clouds: Sources, properties, modeling, and geomagnetic relationship, Recent Res. Devel. Geophysics, 3, Research Signpost, Trivandrum-8, India, 7 7-96, 2000a.
Lepping, R.P., D. Berdichevsky, A. Szabo, A.J. Lazarus, and B.J. Thompson, Upstream shocks and interplanetary magnetic cloud speed and expansion: Sun, WIND, and earth observations, Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques, L.-H. Lyu, ed. 87-96,- Proceedings of COSPAR Colloquium, September, 2000b, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 2001.
Upstream shocks and interplanetary magnetic cloud speed and expansion: Sun, WIND, and earth observations.
Lepping, R.P., D. Berdichevsky, Magnetic clouds as intermediary agents between their solar sources and the magnetosphere, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol, 82, No.20, May 15, 2001a.
Lepping, R.P., D.B. Berdichevsky, L.F. Burlaga, A.J. Lazarus, J. Kasper, M.D. Desch, C.-C. Wu, D.V. Reames, H.J. Singer, C.W. Smith and K. Ackerson, The Bastille Day Magnetic Clouds and Upstream Shocks at Earth: Interplanetary Observations, Solar Phys., 204, 287 - 305 2001.
Lepping, R.P., D. Berdichevsky, A. Szabo, C. Arqueros, and A.J. Lazarus, Profile of a generic magnetic cloud at 1 AU for the Quiet Solar Phase: WIND Observations, Solar Phys., 212, 425-444, 2003a.
Lepping, R. P., D. Berdichevsky, and T. Ferguson, Estimated Errors in Magnetic Cloud Model Fit-Parameters with Force Free Cylindrically Symmetric Assumptions, J. Geophys. Res., 108
Lepping, R. P., D. B. Berdichevsky, C.-C. Wu, Sun-Earth electrodynamics: The solar wind connection,Recent Res. Devel. Astrophys., 1:139-171 ISBN: 81-271-0004-8, 2003c.
Lepping et al., ERRATUM (for paper by Lepping, R. P., D. Berdichevsky, and T. Ferguson, entitled Estimated errors in magnetic cloud model fit-parameters with force free cylindrically symmetric assumptions, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A10), 1356, doi10.1029/2002JA009657, 2003) by the same authors, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2004a.
Lepping, R. P., C.-C. Wu, and D. B. Berdichevsky, Automated Identification of Magnetic Clouds and Cloud-like Regions at 1 AU: Occurrence Rate and Other Properties, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 2687-2704 (SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2005-23-2687), 2005.
Lepping, R. P., D. B. Berdichevsky, C.-C. Wu, A. Szabo, T. Narock, F. Mariani, A. J. Lazarus, and A. J. Quivers, A Summary of WIND Magnetic Clouds for the Years 1995 - 2003: Model-Fitted Parameters, Associated Errors, and classifications, Annales Geophysicae, 24(no. 1), 215-245, 2006. Sref-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2006-24-215, 2006.
Lepping, R. P. , T. W. Narock, and H. Chen, Comparison of magnetic field observations of an average magnetic cloud with a simple force free model: The importance of field compression and expansion, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 2641 - 2648, 2007.
Lepping, R. P., and C.-C. Wu, On the variation of interplanetary magnetic cloud type through solar cycle 23: WIND events, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10103, doi:10.1029/2006JA012140, 2007.
Lepping, R. P., C.-C. Wu, D. Berdichevsky, and T. J. Ferguson, Estimates of magnetic cloud expansion at 1 AU, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 1919 - 1933, 2008.
Lepping, R. P., C.-C. Wu, N. Gopalswamy, and D. B. Berdichevsky, Average thickness of magnetosheath upstream of magnetic clouds at 1 AU vs. solar longitude of source, Solar Phys., 2008. doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-9111-6.
Lepping, R. P., T. Narock, and C.-C. Wu, A scheme for finding the front boundary of an interplanetary magnetic cloud, Ann. Geophysicae, submitted, 2009.
Lepping and C.-C. Wu, Selection effects in identifying magnetic clouds and the importance of the closest approach parameter, Ann. Geophysicae, 28,1539-1552, 2010, www.ann-geophys.net/28/1539/2010/
Lepping, R. P., C.-C. Wu, D. B. Berdichevsky, and A. Szabo, Magnetic clouds at/near the 2007-2009 Solar Minimum: Frequency of Occurrence and Unusual Properties, Solar Phys.,(2010), 274: 345-360, doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9646-9.
Lepping, R. P., C.-C. Wu, and D. B. Berdichevsky, Yearly
comparison of magnetic cloud parameters, sunspot number, and
interplanetary quantities for the first 18 years of the Wind Mission, Solar Phys., online 21 Nov, 2014, doi:10.1007/s11207-014-0622-7.
Lepping, R. P., C.-C., Wu, D.B. Berdichevsky, and A. Szabo, Wind magnetic clouds for years 2010 - 2012: model parameter fittings, associated shock waves and comparisons to earlier periods, Solar Phys. (2015), 290: 2265-2290. doi:10.1007/s11207- 015-0755-3.
Lepping, R. P., D.B. Berdichevsky, C.-C., Wu, Average
Magnetic Field Magnitude of Wind magnetic clouds as a function of
closest approach to the clouds’ axes and comparison to model results, to be submitted to Solar Phys. (2016).
Liou, K., P. T. Newell, C.-I. Meng, C.-C. Wu, and R. P. Lepping, Investigation of external triggering of substorms with Polar ultraviolet imager observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A10), 1364, doi:10.1029/2003JA009984, 2003.
Liou, K., P. T. Newell, C.-I. Meng, C.-C. Wu, and R. P. Lepping, On the relationship between shock-induced polar magnetic bays and solar wind parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JA010400, 2004.
Marubashi, K., and R. P. Lepping, Long-Duration Magnetic Clouds: A Comparison of Analyses Using Torus- and Cylindrical-Shaped Flux Rope Models, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 2453-2477, 2007. www.ann-geophys.net/25/2453/2007/
Matsui, H., C. J. Farrugia, H. Kucharek, D. B. Berdichevsky, R. B.
Torbert, V. K. Jordanova, I. G. Richardson, A. B. Galvin, R. P.
Lepping, and R. Schwenn, Long-distance correlations of interplanetary parameters: a case study with HELIOS,
CP679, Solar Wind Ten: Proceedings of the Tenth International Solar
Wind Conference, Eds. M. Velli, T. Bruno, and F. Malara, ISBN
0-7354-0148-9, 770 - 773, 2003.
Mulligan, C. T. Russell, B. J. Anderson, D. A. Lohr, D. Rust, B. A. Toth, L. J. Zanetti, M. H. Acuna, R. P. Lepping, and J. T. Gosling, Intercomparison of NEAR and Wind Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28,217, 1999.
Narock, T. W., and R. P. Lepping, Anisotropy of Magnetic Field Fluctuations in an Average Interplanetary Magnetic Cloud at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06108, doi:10.1029/2006JA011987, 2007.
Riley, P., J. A. Linker. Z. Mikic, D. Odstrcil, T. H. Zurbuchen, D. Lario, and R. P. Lepping, Using an MHD Simulation to Interpret the Global context of a Coronal Mass Ejection observed by Two Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1272, doi:10.1029/2002JA009760, 2003.
Riley, P., J. A. Linker, R. Lionello, Z. Mikic, D. Odstrcil, M. A. Hidalgo, Q. Hu, R. P. Lepping, B. J. Lynch, and A. Rees, Fitting Flux Ropes to a Global MHD Solution: A Comparison of Techniques, J. of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Phys., Vol. 66, Issue 15-16,p. 1321-1331, 2004.
Slavin, J. A., R.P. Lepping, C.-C. Wu, B. J. Anderson, D. N. Baker,
M. Benna, S. A. Boardsen, R. M. Killen, H. Korth, S. M. Krimigis, W. E.
McClintock, R.L. McNutt, M. Sarantos, D. Schriver, S.C. Solomon, P.
Travnicek, T. H. Zurbuchen, MESSENGER observations of large flux transfer events at Mercury, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 37, Issue 2, CiteID L02105, 2010. [ABSTRACT] [PAPER]
Shodhan, S., N. U. Crooker, S. W. Kahler, R. J. Fitzenreiter, D. E. Larson, R. P. Lepping, G. L. Siscoe, and J. T. Gosling, Counterstreaming electrons in magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,261, 2000.
Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, X.-Y. Zhou, R. P. Lepping, and V. Bothmer, Properties of Slow Magnetic Clouds, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 66, no. 2 (Jan.), pp 147 - 152 (doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2003.09.007), 2004.
Webb, D. F., R. P. Lepping, L. F. Burlaga, C. E. DeForest, D. E. Larson, S. F. Martin, S. P. Plunkett, and D. M. Rust., The Origin and Development of the May 1997 Magnetic Cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,251, 2000.
Wu, D. J., J.-K. Chao, and R. P. Lepping, Interaction Between an Interplanetary Magnetic Cloud and the Earth's Magnetosphere: Motions of the Bow Shock, J. Geophys. Res, 105, 12,627-12,638, 2000.
Wu, C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, The Effects of Magnetic Clouds on the Occurrences of Geomagnetic Storms: The First Four Years of WIND, J. Geophys. Res., 107, Paper no. 0148-0227/02, 2002a.
Wu C.-C.,and R. P. Lepping, The Effect of Solar Wind Velocity on Magnetic Cloud- Associated Magnetic Storm Intensity, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. A11, 1346, doi:10.1029/2002JA009396, 2002b.
Wu, C.-C., R. P. Lepping, and N. Gopalswamy, Variations of Magnetic Clouds and CMEs with Solar Activity Cycle, Proceedings of International Solar Cycle Studies Symposium 2003: Solar Variability as an Input to the Earth’s Environment, Tatranska Lomnica, Slovakia, June 23-28, pp. 429-432, 2004.
Wu C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, Relationships for Predicting Geomagnetic Storm Intensity, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 67, 283-291, 2005.
Wu C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, Comparison of the Characteristics of Magnetic Clouds and Magnetic Cloud-like Structres for the Events of 1995-2003, Solar Phys., submitted, 2006.
Wu C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, and N. Gopalswamy, Relationships Among Magnetic Clouds, CMES and Geomagnetic Storms, Solar Phys., in press, 2006.
Wu C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, Solar Cycle Effect on Geomagnetic Storms Caused By Interplanetary Magnetic Clouds, Ann. Geophysicae, in press, 2006.
Wu, C.-C. and R. P. Lepping, Solar Cycle Effect on Geomagnetic Storms caused by magnetic clouds, Ann. Geophysics., 24, 3383-3389, 2006.
Wu, Chin-Chun, R. P. Lepping and N. Gopalswamy, Relationships among magnetic clouds, CMEs and geomagnetic storms, Solar Physics, 239, 449-460, 2006.
Wu, C.-C. and R. P. Lepping, Comparison of the characteristics of magnetic clouds and magnetic cloud-like structures for the events of 1995-2003, Solar Physics., 242, 159-165, DOI 10.1007/s11207-007-0323-6, 2007.
Wu, Chin-Chun, and R. P. Lepping, Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds, magnetic cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995-2003, Adv. Space Rev., 41, 335-338, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.027, 2008.
Wu, C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, Statistical comparison of magnetic clouds with interplanetary coronal mass ejections for solar cycle 23, Solar Phys. (2011), 269: 141-153, doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9684-3.
Wu, C.-C. , N. Gopalswamy, R. P. Lepping, and S. Yashiro, Characteristics of magnetic clouds and interplanetary coronal mass ejections which cause intense geomagnetic storms, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 2, 233 - 241, April 2013, doi:10.3319/TAO.2012.09.26.03 (SEC).
Wu, C.-C. , R. P. Lepping, Relationships among geomagnetic storms, interplanetary shocks, magnetic clouds, and sunspot number during 1995 - 2012, Solar Phys., (2016), 291:265- 284, doi:10.1007/s11207-015-0806-9.
Wu, C.-C., and R. P. Lepping, Comparisons of characteristics of magnetic clouds and cloud-like structures during 1995-2012, Solar Phys. (2015), doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0656-5.[ABSTRACT] [PAPER]
For more references see the WIND MFI Bibliography page.