<Spase xmlns="http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema  http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema/spase-2_2_2.xsd'">
    <Version>2.2.2</Version>
    <NumericalData>
        <ResourceID>spase://VWO/NumericalData/Ulysses/URAP/RAR.CDF.PT144S</ResourceID>
        <ResourceHeader>
            <ResourceName>Ulysses URAP RAR 144 Second Data</ResourceName>
            <AlternateName>Ulysses Unified Radio and Plasma Wave Experiment - Radio Astronomy Receiver 144 Second Resolution Data</AlternateName>
            <AlternateName>UY_M0_R144</AlternateName>
            <ReleaseDate>2012-02-24T17:45:04Z</ReleaseDate>
            <Description>This data set contains 144 second averages of the electric field 
intensities from the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave 
Instrument Radio Astronomy Receiver.

Units are microVolt/Hz**0.5 measured at the
receiver input terminals.  To convert to electric field strength
the given data must be divided by the effective length of the
antenna.  This is complicated by the fact that the effective
length depends on the antenna impedance which is affected by the
plasma conditions local to the Ulysses spacecraft.  The impedance
will also depend on the frequency.  In general, the RAR frequency
channels that are well above the local electron plasma frequency
are not affected by the plasma conditions and the effective
length of 23 meters can be used.  When the RAR is in summed,
rather than separate, mode the determination of field strengths
is even more difficult.

The time period of 144 seconds was used for the averaging period
because that is the basic cycling time of the instrument.  The
RAR continually cycles through a list of frequencies.  There are
16 lists and the list currently in use is chosen by telecommand.
The time period to complete the list is 144 seconds for the high
band of the receiver (for telemetry bit rates of 1024 and 512
bps, the cycle time is 64 seconds for bit rates of 256 and 128
bps), after which the instrument begins with the list again.
Therefore this period was chosen for the averaging period.

Notes on the Radio Astronomy Receiver
from URAP User Notes
http://helio.esa.int/ulysses/archive/urap_un.html

The Radio Astronomy Receiver is divided into two parts, a low
frequency receiver and a high frequency receiver.  The low
frequency receiver has 64 channels that cover the frequency range
from 1.25 to 48.0 kHz in linear steps of 0.75 kHz.  The high
frequency receiver has 12 channels that cover the range from 52
kHz to 940 kHz in approximately logarithmic steps.

The high frequency receiver is usually operated in what is called
"measure" mode, which causes the receiver to step repeatedly
through a list of frequencies that is determined by a ROM on
board the spacecraft.  There are 16 different lists and one of
them is chosen by telecommand.  The different lists emphasize
different frequency ranges, so as to maximize the information
received depending on the type of phenomena being studied.  Some
of the lists include all 12 possible frequency channels while
other lists skip some of the frequencies.  The list that has been
used for most of the mission does include all frequecies, but
there may be times when other lists have been used.  At these
times only a subset of the frequencies will be present.

The low frequency receiver can be operated in measure mode (with
its own set of lists of 8 or 16 frequencies) or in "linear sweep"
mode where it steps through a contiguous set of frequencies.  In
linear mode, all 64 frequencies can be stepped through, or a
subset of 32 frequencies can be chosen using the lower half,
middle half, or upper half of the frequencies.  For most of the
mission, the low frequency receiver has been operated in linear
mode with all 64 frequencies but there have been periods when it
has operated in measure mode or in in linear mode with less than
64 frequencies.  During these periods only a subset (8, 16, or
32) of the 64 possible frequencies will appear.

Besides the intensity of a signal reaching the spacecraft, the
RAR can also, when operated in particular modes, determine
additional information about the source of the radiation, 
including its direction relative to the location of Ulysses, its
angular size, and its polarization.  This is most efficiently
done with the signal from the X and Z axis antennas summed
together electronically either with or without a phase shift
added between the two signals.  Although this additional
information cannot be recovered from the averaged data, the mode
does have a large effect on the background signal level, so the
mode of high and low frequency receivers is given in the data as
either summed (X and Z antenna combined) or separate (X antenna
alone).

Reference: Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 
Ser., 92(2), 291-316 (1992).



</Description>
            <Acknowledgement>Please acknowledge the Principal Investigator, R J MacDowall, of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, and Mike Lancaster and Cecil Tranquille of the Ulysses Data System, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, NL </Acknowledgement>
            <Contact>
                <PersonID>spase://SMWG/Person/Robert.J.MacDowall</PersonID>
                <Role>PrincipalInvestigator</Role>
            </Contact>
            <Contact>
                <PersonID>spase://SMWG/Person/Roger.A.Hess</PersonID>
                <Role>TechnicalContact</Role>
            </Contact>
            <InformationURL>
                <Name>Ulysses URAP Instrument Page at NASA/GSFC</Name>
                <URL>http://urap.gsfc.nasa.gov</URL>
                <Description>Ulysses URAP Instrument page maintained by NASA GSFC with URAP data plotting tools, Data Access, Publication lists, Team member lists, documents, and related links sections</Description>
                <Language>en</Language>
            </InformationURL>
            <InformationURL>
                <Name>Ulysses URAP Instrument Page at ESA</Name>
                <URL>http://ufa.esac.esa.int/ufa/#instruments</URL>
                <Description/>
                <Language>en</Language>
            </InformationURL>
            <PriorID>spase://VWO/NumericalData/Ulysses/URAP/Ulysses_RAR_PT144S</PriorID>
        </ResourceHeader>
        <AccessInformation>
            <RepositoryID>spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb</RepositoryID>
            <Availability>Online</Availability>
            <AccessRights>Open</AccessRights>
            <AccessURL>
                <Name>FTP access to files at SPDF</Name>
                <URL>ftp://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ulysses/radio/urap_cdaweb/r144_m0/</URL>
                <Description>FTP access to repository of Ulysses/URAP RAR 144 CDFs at NASA 
CDAWeb.Name of the data resource: UY_M0_R144</Description>
                <Language>en</Language>
            </AccessURL>
            <AccessURL>
                <Name>HTTP access to files at SPDF</Name>
                <URL>http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ulysses/radio/urap_cdaweb/r144_m0/</URL>
                <Description>In CDF via HTTP from SPDF</Description>
            </AccessURL>
            <AccessURL>
                <Name>CDAWeb</Name>
                <URL>http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/</URL>
                <ProductKey>UY_M0_R144</ProductKey>
                <Description>Repository of Ulysses/URAP RAR data in CDF format at NASA CDAWeb, 
accessible via web interface. Name of the data resource: 
UY_M0_R144.</Description>
                <Language>en</Language>
            </AccessURL>
            <Format>CDF</Format>
            <Encoding>None</Encoding>
            <Acknowledgement>Please acknowledge the Principal Investigator, R J MacDowall, of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, and Mike Lancaster and Cecil Tranquille of the Ulysses Data System, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, NL </Acknowledgement>
        </AccessInformation>
        <ProcessingLevel>Calibrated</ProcessingLevel>
        <InstrumentID>spase://SMWG/Instrument/Ulysses/URAP</InstrumentID>
        <MeasurementType>Waves.Passive</MeasurementType>
        <MeasurementType>ElectricField</MeasurementType>
        <TemporalDescription>
            <TimeSpan>
                <StartDate>1990-11-03T19:30:00Z</StartDate>
                <StopDate>2007-11-26T18:30:00Z</StopDate>
            </TimeSpan>
            <Cadence>PT144S</Cadence>
        </TemporalDescription>
        <SpectralRange>RadioFrequency</SpectralRange>
        <ObservedRegion>Heliosphere.Inner</ObservedRegion>
        <ObservedRegion>Heliosphere.Outer</ObservedRegion>
        <ObservedRegion>Jupiter</ObservedRegion>
        <ObservedRegion>Sun.Corona</ObservedRegion>
        <Caveats>Ulyssses URAP Interference and other issues affecting data interpretation - see 
        Ulysses URAP - Interference and other issues affecting data interpretation
http://vwo.nasa.gov/urap/URAP_InterpretationIssues/urap_interpretation.html
and
URAP - User Notes
http://ulysses-ops.esa.int/ulysses/archive/urap_un.html
   </Caveats>
    <!-- Keywords pertaining to the data presentation -->
        <Keyword>Dynamic Spectrogram</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Spectrogram</Keyword>
    <!-- Keywords pertaining to the physical phenomena appearing in spectrograms -->
        <Keyword>Solar radio burst</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Jovian Kilometric Radiation</Keyword>
        <Keyword>KOM</Keyword>
        <Keyword>bKOM</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Jovian Hectometric Radiation</Keyword>
        <Keyword>HOM</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Type II Solar radio burst</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Type III Solar radio burst</Keyword>
        <Keyword>UHR</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Upper hybrid resonance</Keyword>
        <Keyword>VLF Emissions</Keyword>
        <Keyword>ULF Emissions</Keyword>
        <Keyword>Whistler</Keyword>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Time in NSSDC Epoch format</Name>
            <ParameterKey>Epoch</ParameterKey>
            <Description/>
            <Units>ms</Units>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Temporal</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Time in PB5 format</Name>
            <ParameterKey>Time_PB5</ParameterKey>
            <Description/>
            <Structure>
                <Size>3</Size>
                <Element>
                    <Name>year</Name>
                    <Index>1</Index>
                    <Units>year</Units>
                    <ValidMin>1990</ValidMin>
                    <ValidMax>2007.0</ValidMax>
                </Element>
                <Element>
                    <Name>day of year</Name>
                    <Index>2</Index>
                    <Units>day</Units>
                    <ValidMin>0</ValidMin>
                    <ValidMax>365</ValidMax>
                </Element>
                <Element>
                    <Name>ms of day</Name>
                    <Index>3</Index>
                    <Units>ms</Units>
                    <ValidMin>0.0</ValidMin>
                    <ValidMax>8.64E+07</ValidMax>
                </Element>
            </Structure>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Temporal</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Ulysses Mission Time</Name>
            <ParameterKey>UMT</ParameterKey>
            <Description>Ulysses Mission Time in days elapsed since 06-Oct-1990</Description>
            <Units>days</Units>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Temporal</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Low frequency polarization mode</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Lo_pol_mode</ParameterKey>
            <Description>Low frequency polarization mode (1: on, 2: off, 3: switched, 4: unknown)</Description>
            <ValidMin>1</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>4</ValidMax>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Low frequency summation mode</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Lo_sum_mode</ParameterKey>
            <Description>Low frequency summation mode (1: on, 2: off, 3: switched, 4: unknown)</Description>
            <ValidMin>1</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>4</ValidMax>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>High frequency polarization mode</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Hi_pol_mode</ParameterKey>
            <Description>High frequency polarization mode (1: on, 2: off, 3: switched, 4: unknown)</Description>
            <ValidMin>1</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>4</ValidMax>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>High frequency summation mode</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Hi_sum_mode</ParameterKey>
            <Description>High frequency summation mode (1: on, 2: off, 3: switched, 4: unknown)</Description>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>Telemetry bit rate</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>IBPS</ParameterKey>
            <Description>Telemetry bit rate (1: 128, 2: 256, 3: 512, 4: 1024 bps, 5: changed, 6: unknown)</Description>
            <ValidMin>1</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>6</ValidMax>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>RAR Channel Frequencies (kHz)</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Chan_Freq</ParameterKey>
            <Description>RAR Channel Frequencies (kHz)</Description>
            <Units>kHz</Units>
            <Structure>
                <Size>76</Size>
            </Structure>
            <ValidMin>1.0</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>1000.0</ValidMax>
            <Support>
                <SupportQuantity>Other</SupportQuantity>
            </Support>
        </Parameter>
        <Parameter>
            <Name>RAR Electric field intensity</Name>
      <!-- 
 Parameter Key points to the CDF Variable in the file 
  -->
            <ParameterKey>Intensity</ParameterKey>
            <Description>RAR Electric field intensity in 76 channels</Description>
            <Units>microVolt/Hz**0.5</Units>
            <ValidMin>0.01</ValidMin>
            <ValidMax>100.0</ValidMax>
            <Wave>
                <WaveType>PlasmaWaves</WaveType>
                <WaveQuantity>ACElectricField</WaveQuantity>
                <FrequencyRange>
                    <SpectralRange>RadioFrequency</SpectralRange>
                    <Low>1.25</Low>
                    <High>940</High>
                    <Units>kHz</Units>
                </FrequencyRange>
            </Wave>
        </Parameter>
        <Extension/>
    </NumericalData>
</Spase>