Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City

The onset of an isolated magnetospheric substorm occurred at about 0437 UT on 9 February 1995 while the Geotail spacecraft as located in the pre-midnight sector at a geocentric radial distance of about 30 R_E. The onset occurred during a slow northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field after a period of weakly southward fields as observed by the Wind spacecraft upstream from Earth's bow shock. For several minutes immediately following the onset of the substorm, an intense field-aligned current, with maximum current densities of 30 nA/m², was observed at the Geotail spacecraft. This is the first report of a directly detected current pulse coincident with onset. Unlike most of the magnetotail field-aligned currents which are carried primarily by electrons, this impulsive current at onset is carried by both electrons and protons. It is possible that the onset current pulse is a signature of a "trigger" mechanism for the subsequent expansion phase of a substorm.

Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 967-970, 1997